PRAYAG STEEL

Copper Technical Terms

Copper is a highly versatile metal known for its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, along with strong corrosion resistance. It comes in various grades, each tailored for specific needs like strength, durability, and conductivity. Copper products include sheets, plates, rods, tubes, and fittings, serving a wide range of industries.

ASTM Standard	Description
ASTM B152	Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate
ASTM B187	Copper Rod, Bar, and Shapes
ASTM B133	Copper Wire, Hard-Drawn
ASTM B88	Seamless Copper Water Tube
ASTM B75	Seamless Copper Tube
ASTM B466	Seamless Copper-Nickel Pipe and Tube
ASTM B68	Seamless Copper Tube (Bright Annealed)
ASTM B111	Copper and Copper-Alloy Seamless Condenser Tubes
ASTM B170	Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper
ASTM B372	Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Capillary Tube
ASTM B124	Copper and Copper-Alloy Forging Rod, Bar, and Shapes

Mechanical Properties (Typical Values)

Property	Annealed (Soft)	Hard (H04)
Tensile Strength (MPa)	200–250	300–400
Yield Strength (MPa)	50–70	250–350
Elongation (%)	40–50	10–15
Hardness (HV)	40–60	80–110

Chemical Properties (Typical Values)

Property	Value
Atomic Number	29
Atomic Mass	63.546 u
Electron Configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
Valency	1, 2
Oxidation States	+1 (Cu⁺), +2 (Cu²⁺)
Electronegativity (Pauling)	1.90
Ionization Energy (1st)	745.5 kJ/mol
Standard Reduction Potential	+0.34 V (Cu²⁺/Cu)
Thermal Conductivity	~385 W/(m·K)
Electrical Conductivity	~58 MS/m (IACS 100%)
Density	8.96 g/cm³
Melting Point	1083°C (1981°F)
Boiling Point	2567°C (4653°F)

Copper

Copper Technical Terms

Mechanical Properties (Typical Values)

Chemical Properties (Typical Values)

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